How to Prevent HFMD in Malaysia

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) has become a growing concern in Malaysia, particularly affecting young children in homes, schools, and communal environments.

What Causes HFMD?

HFMD is caused by a group of viruses known as enteroviruses, with coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 being the most common culprits.

These viruses predominantly affect children under the age of 5.

How Does HFMD Spread?

The transmission of HFMD is alarmingly simple. The virus spreads via direct contact with bodily fluids, such as saliva, nasal discharge, faeces, or fluid from blisters.

It can also be picked up from contaminated surfaces like toys, doorknobs, and tables.

Children in proximity, especially in daycare centres or schools, are particularly vulnerable due to their increased likelihood of sharing objects and inadequate hand hygiene.

Additionally, the virus can spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

How to Prevent HFMD?

Preventing HFMD requires consistent hygiene practices and an emphasis on maintaining clean environments at home, in schools, and in public spaces.

At Home

1. Regular Handwashing – Teach children to wash their hands frequently with soap and water, particularly before eating and after using the toilet.
2. Clean and Disinfect – Wipe down frequently touched surfaces such as toys, doorknobs, and worktops with disinfectant.
3. Separate Personal Items – Ensure that each family member has their own utensils, towels, and cups to avoid sharing germs.

At Schools and Daycares

1. Promote Hygiene Awareness – Encourage teachers and caregivers to educate children on hand hygiene and avoiding close contact with sick peers.
2. Routine Cleaning – Implement a regular schedule for disinfecting shared spaces, toys, and play equipment.
3. Screening for Symptoms – Conduct daily health checks and require ill children to stay home to prevent outbreaks.

Public Spaces

1. Avoid Crowded Areas – During HFMD outbreaks, minimise visits to crowded places like malls and playgrounds.
2. Carry Sanitiser – Use hand sanitisers regularly when soap and water are unavailable.
3. Wipe Down Surfaces – If eating out, bring wet wipes or disinfectant to clean public high chairs or tables.

Is HFMD Contagious?

Yes, HFMD is highly contagious.

When is HFMD Most Contagious?

A person with HFMD is most contagious during the first week of the illness. At this stage, symptoms are typically present, and the virus is most actively shed.

When Does HFMD Stop Being Contagious?

Individuals can remain contagious for several weeks. The virus can persist in saliva and faeces even after a child appears fully recovered.

Can Adults Get HFMD?

Although HFMD is primarily associated with children, adults can contract the disease, particularly if they are exposed to an infected child.

Adults often experience milder symptoms, which may include fever, sore throat, and general discomfort.

HFMD symptoms in kids, however, can be more pronounced, including a rash on the hands and feet.

Adults can still spread the virus to others, making hygiene practices crucial regardless of age.

How to Treat HFMD?

Unfortunately, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HFMD. Management focuses on relieving symptoms and ensuring comfort. Here’s what you can do:

• Hydration – Encourage fluid intake to prevent dehydration, particularly if mouth sores make drinking challenging.
• Over-the-counter Remedies – Use pain relievers or fever-reducing medications, such as paracetamol, as directed by a healthcare provider.
• Comfort Measures – Offer soft, non-irritating foods to ease discomfort from mouth sores.

If symptoms worsen or do not improve after several days, seek medical advice promptly.

Stay Alert, Stay Safe

Ultimately, the key to preventing HFMD is vigilance and proactive measures.

Educating children on hygiene, maintaining clean environments, and staying informed about outbreaks helps parents and educators prevent HFMD.

Together, these efforts will ensure that communities across Malaysia remain safer, healthier, and better prepared.